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Other Non-mutagenic to mammalian cells. Kato et al. Introduced by Sumitomo Chemical Co. Mode of action Fungicide with protective and curative action, and long persistence. Uses Fungicide with rain fastness. It was effective against powdery mildew on beans, fruit, ornamentals, vegetables and other crops. Phytotoxicity Some varieties of beans may be injured at high concentrations. Formulation types EC; WP. Irie et al. Not a skin or eye irritant rabbits. Fish LC50 48 h for carp 6. Crystalline at lower temperatures.
Completely miscible with aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, and ketones. Stable to sunlight and oxygen. Vulic et al. Gent, , 38, Limpel, J.
Introduced by Wacker-Chemie GmbH. Mode of action Systemic insecticide with contact and stomach action. Absorbed by the leaves and roots.
Uses Control of aphids, thrips, whiteflies, mealybugs, and other sucking insects with secondary action against spider mites on fruit trees including citrus , vegetables, cereals, cotton, hops, tobacco, and ornamentals including ornamentals cultivated by hydroponics. Residues of butocarboxim, its sulfoxide and sulfone butoxycarboxim determined by glc with TID. Details available from WackerChemie GmbH.
I 48 Irritating to eyes. Other Not mutagenic in the Ames assay. Daphnia LC50 24 h 3. Plants In plants, degradation is the same as in soil. DT50 in soil 1—8 d; DT50 for metabolites 16—44 d. Casida J. It exists mainly as the dihydropyrone I but with the open chain enol II in equilibrium S. Hall et al. C12H18O4 Form Yellow to pale red liquid with a mild aromatic odour. Slightly soluble in ethylene glycol, refined petroleum oils; miscible with chloroform, ethanol, diethyl ether, glacial acetic acid.
Not a skin irritant but may cause a stinging sensation. U Details PM6, p. Peet J. Stability Hydrolysis DT50 Mode of action Post-emergence herbicide. Moderate skin irritant; mild eye irritant rabbits. Not a skin sensitiser guinea pigs.
Other Genotoxicity negative. Not oncogenic rats. Algae EbC50 for Selenastrum capricornutum 0. Various oxidative transformations of the butyryl chain dominate the metabolic pathway. Neither parent nor metabolites bioaccumulate in tissues. Plants Rapidly metabolised in plants.
Rapid degradation in aerobic soil, lab. In acetone , benzene 9. Irritation of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract is evident after inhalation of the dust. After 9 days, no cyanamide nitrogen is detectable in potatoes.
Casida et al. C10H10Cl8 approx. Form A yellow wax of mild terpene-like odour. Readily soluble in organic solvents including petroleum oils. Stability Dehydrochlorinated by heat, by strong sunlight and by certain catalysts such as iron. Beacher Del. Introduced by Hercules Inc. Uses Control of many insects in cereals, cotton, fruit, maize, vegetables and the control of Cassia obtusifolia in soya beans.
Has also been used for the control of animal ectoparasites. A heptachlorobornane and a mixture of two octachlorobornanes are more toxic to insects and mice than other components, and are similarly biodegradable. Phytotoxicity Phytotoxic to cucurbits and some varieties of plum and damson.
Compatibility Not compatible with strongly alkaline pesticides. Residues determined by glc with ECD Anal. Dunn, Anal. HSG 40 PDS 20 IARC 79 NOEL 2 y for dogs 10 ppm 0. EPA Tracking. Fish LC50 for young rainbow trout 0. Persistent in soil DT50 varies between 70 d and 12 y, depending on soil type and climate. CS2 Form Colourless mobile liquid.
Its impurities have an unpleasant odour. Miscible with chloroform, diethyl ether, ethanol. Uses For fumigation of nursery stock and for soil treatment against insects and nematodes. It was also used in some countries as an insecticide in mixtures with carbon tetrachloride to reduce fire hazard for fumigating stored grain. Residues in grain may be determined by glc S. Scudmore, J. Dunning, J. The concentration in air may be measured by drawing the air through an ethanolic solution of diethylamine and copper II acetate and colorimetry of the complex produced.
Profiles,Chapter CICAD 46 CCl4 Form Colourless liquid. Stability Though generally inert, it is decomposed by water at high temperatures. Britton Conn.
It was often used in mixtures with more potent fumigants, such as ethylene dichloride, to reduce the fire hazard of the latter. It has also been used as an anthelmintic in veterinary practice.
Residues in stored cereals determined by glc with ECD ibid. Scudamore, Anal. Methods Residues Pestic. Methods reviewed by J L Daft in Comp. HSG IARC 20 ; 71 Other It is a general anaesthetic, prolonged exposure causing irritation of the mucous membranes, headache and nausea; repeated exposure to high concentrations causes liver damage. Not a skin or eye irritant.
Marginal skin sensitiser guinea-pigs. Bees Non-toxic. In toluene 25, dichloromethane 40, hexane 1. Soluble in hot benzene and dioxane. Stability Relatively stable under normal conditions. Sasse Hoefchen-Briefe Engl. Sasse et al. Uses Control of powdery mildews and spider mites on fruit including citrus , ornamentals, cucurbits, cotton, coffee, tea, tobacco, walnuts, vegetables, and glasshouse crops; and American gooseberry mildew on gooseberries and currants.
Phytotoxicity Phytotoxic to certain varieties of apple, pear, currant, rose, and ornamentals. Compatibility Incompatible with mineral oils phytotoxicity may result , and with formulations based on thiram.
Residues determined by glc Man. Ambrus et al. August, ibid. Tietz et al. Anderson, Anal. Methods for the determination of residues are also available from Bayer CropScience.
II 52 Slightly irritating to skin; severely irritating to eyes rabbits. Fish LC50 96 h for bluegill sunfish 0. Algae ErC50 96 h for Scenedesmus 0. The main metabolite is chinomethionat acid dimethylmercaptoquinoxalinecarboxylic acid , which also occurs in the conjugated form. Plants After application to fruit, no penetration of the a. The only metabolite detected was dihydromethylquinoxalinedithiol. DT50 in standard soil land 2 1—3 d.
Stability Stable in aqueous acid and alkali. Inoue et al. Evaluated by Sumitomo Chemical Co. It inhibits the development of infection pegs from appressoria. Uses Submerged applications of granules 2. Formulation types DP; GR. Not irritant to the abraded skin of rabbits; minimally irritant to their eyes. NOEL In 0. Stability Stable to acids, alkalis, and light. Mode of action Selective contact herbicide, absorbed by the leaves and stems.
Uses Pre-emergence control of Scirpus spp. Phytotoxicity May scorch old leaves. Formulation types WP; GR. Tsuchiya, Anal. Residues determined by glc with ECD idem, ibid.
Kd — In DMF , acetone, methanol , ethanol , isopropanol , diethyl ether 70, chloroform 0. Insoluble in carbon tetrachloride. Stability Thermally stable up to the boiling point. Stable to oxidising agents, acids and alkalis. Decomposed by sodium hypochlorite solutions.
Sensitive to light. Series no. The N-glycoside was isolated from soya beans in amounts equivalent to the chloramben applied, but little was recovered from barley, a susceptible crop S. Colby, Science, , , Mode of action Selective systemic herbicide, absorbed by the seeds and roots, with limited translocation.
Inhibits root development of seedling weeds. See also: H. Residue analysis by glc of methyl ester. Fish Not toxic to fish. Plants In plants, chloramben is converted to a highly stable N-glucoside, which retards further degradation. Duration of activity isc.
C6Cl4O2 M. In acetone 33, ether 16, DMF 5. Stability Stable in closed containers. Slowly decomposed by sunlight. Decomposed by alkalis; stable in acidic media. Shavelle Phytopathology, , 30, 4. Uses Used particularly on vegetable and ornamental seeds. Active against damping-off on beans. Residues by extraction with benzene, clean-up, reaction with diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine to give a blue colour, transfer of the dye into the aqueous-acid phase, and determination by spectrophotometry at nm Anal.
Skin and eye Slight absorption through the skin; nevertheless there is local irritation. NOEL Long-term feeding as 0. Other I. In solution, under the influence of sunlight, reduction to tetrachlorohydroquinone followed by replacement of chlorine atoms with hydroxy groups. Porter Weeds, , 9, Introduced by FMC Corp.
O Details PM2, p. C13H10Cl2S M. Skin and eye Slight irritant action on skin and eyes. Details PM3, p. Agrochemicals and later Nor-Am. Stability Slowly hydrolysed in neutral, slightly acidic, and slightly alkaline media.
Mode of action Selective herbicide, absorbed by the roots and leaves. Uses Herbicide suitable for: pre-emergence use on carrots, peas, potatoes, soya beans, and sunflowers, at 1. Phytotoxicity A number of crops may be injured by pre-emergence applications, e. Residues determined by hydrolysis to 4-bromochloroaniline, a derivative of which is determined by colorimetry, or by glc with ECD G. Voss, Anal. In water, stable against abiotic degradation, but in biologically active systems, DT50 4—11 w.
Changes colour when exposed to light. Alcohols may cause trans-esterification. Fischer Z. Pflanzenschutz, , 67, Cell division inhibitor Uses Was normally used in combination with other herbicides for pre-emergence control of grasses and broad-leaved weeds in onions, leeks, garlic, shallots, carrots, beet, spinach, sunflowers, and bulb flowers.
Residues determined by hydrolysis and colorimetry of the resulting 3-chloroaniline or by glc Analyt. Skin and eye Mild skin irritant rabbits. C10Cl10O M. Decomposed by strong mineral acids. Mode of action Insecticide with stomach action and weak contact action. Secondary fungicidal effects. Uses Insecticidal control of cockroaches and ants. Formulation types RB; WP. Gilbert et al. Residues in cereals by gc with a tritium ECD, see J. Giuffrida J. Firestone et al. Thompson et al. See also Man.
HSG 41 IARC 20 Search icon An illustration of a magnifying glass. User icon An illustration of a person's head and chest. Sign up Log in. Web icon An illustration of a computer application window Wayback Machine Texts icon An illustration of an open book. Residue Anal. For gc determination see Anal.
Methods Pestic. Plant Growth Regul. For spectrophotometric determination of the pyridine-acrylonitrile complex see M. Stevens Anal. Methods reviewed by J. Daft in Comp. Profiles, Chapter JMPR Evaln. HSG 1 ICSC CICAD 39 IARC 71 Skin and eye Liquid acrylonitrile permeates through the skin. Other It may be a carcinogen. Toxicity Class WHO a. Details PM5, p. Reported by Y. Hayashi et al. Crop Prot. Weeds, , 1, Uses Post-emergence control of broad-leaved weeds, including velvetleaf, cockleburs, and Jimson weed, in soya beans, at 0.
Moderate skin irritation; non-irritating to eyes male rabbits. Other Non-mutagenic in the Ames test. Stability Very stable between pH 3 and pH Stable to light. On heating abovec. Mode of action Systemic, long-term, also curative action. Absorbed through leaves and roots. Inhibits formation of haustoria in Erysiphe graminis. Uses Controls mildew on spring and winter barley. Formulation types EC. Residues by extraction wth methanol, transfer to hexane, column chromatographic clean-up on aluminium oxide, and colorimetric determination at nm of coloured substances released by hydrochloric acid from the methyl orange-active ingredient salt.
Skin irritant. Bees Not toxic to bees. Solubility In water c. Stability Stable, but decomposition occurs above C. Rapidly hydrolysed in acidic or alkaline media. Weiden et al. Introduced by Union Carbide Corp. Mode of action Systemic; taken up through roots. Uses Control of aphids, thrips, mites, nematodes, leafhoppers and other pests on cotton, tobacco, peanuts, maize, potatoes, cole crops and vegetables.
Could be applied as a soil treatment, foliar spray, seed dressing or transplant water treatment. Phytotoxicity Soya beans and french bean seedlings are not tolerant. Compatibility Not fully known, but has been found to be compatible with most common herbicides, insecticides, nematicides and fungicides used on tobacco.
Residues determined by glc with FPD R. Krause, J. Romine, Anal. Smelt et al. In drinking water by rplc and fluorimetry of liberated methylamine Environ. No skin or eye irritation in standard tests. Inhalation LC50 4 h for rats 0. Other No teratogenic, reproductive or mutagenic effects observed. Fish LC50 96 h for trout 40, bluegill sunfish Bees Low toxicity to bees.
Plants Degradation in plants is the same as in animals. Details PM10, Entry Stability Thermally stable up to C. Stable between pH 4 and 8. Reacts with concentrated acids and phenols in the presence of oxidising agents to give dieldrin.
Kearns et al. Introduced by J. Mode of action Non-systemic insecticide with contact, stomach, and respiratory action. Uses Control of soil-dwelling insects including termites and ants at 0. Also used for wood preservation. Grevenstuk, Meded. Gent, , 40, ; G. Telling, J. Luke et al. See also Pestic. JMPR Mtg. HSG 21 PDS 41 IARC 5 ; Suppl. Toxic by skin absorption. Water GV 0. Other Because aldrin is rapidly epoxidised. Experience a faster way to fill out and sign forms on the web. Access the most extensive library of templates available.
Surrey UK, British Pesticides are substances that are meant to control pests, including weeds. Downloaded from pixels. The Pesticide Manual Use professional pre-built templates to fill in and sign documents online faster.
Get access to thousands of forms. However, the editor and the publisher do not accept liability for any error or omission in the content, or for any loss, damage or any other accident arising from the use of the products listed therein. Before handling, storing or using any approved crop protection product, it is essential to follow the instructions on the label. These entries are short descriptions.
For chemical materials, they may include the following information: Sequential entry number. A header name, with an indication of the type of name such as common name, chemical name, etc.
Approved common name if different from the name in the header, or if other common names have been approved by national bodies. Molecular formula M. Other names. Code numbers development codes. The main former product or products. For an explanation of this information see the Guide to Using the Main Entries, p. It is diffcult, in some cases, to be sure whether or not all commercial activity in a substance has ceased; some of these superseded materials are known to be still in use for non-agricultural purposes.
The Editor will be grateful for details of any materials in this section that are still in commercial, agricultural use; he can be contacted via the publishers, or at pm bcpc. Activity mimics that of gibberellic acid in various phytohormone bioassays J. Hultstrand, Plant Physiology, 80 5 , Uses Growth promoter, increasing the stem number, stem length and commercial acceptability of cut stems in hybrid tea roses.
Benefcial effects have been reported in other crops. Formulation types SC.
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